Career Investigation Report - 2630 Words

s prepared for Introduction to Sports Management, taught by Professor Dyer. Section 1: Personal Inventory 1.) I am a very nice, down to earth, humble kind of guy and I have ability to be a great leader and I lead by example. 3A.) Best Personal Accomplishments: 1.) Team Captain all fours years of my High School Varsity Tennis career and Captain my last two years on Varsity Football team. * Skills: Leader, reliable, respectful, determined, responsible, nice, great personality, extremely hard worker, always helping others to succeed, team player, never back down, always doing the extra thing to get ahead, and mental and emotional strength. 2.) State doubles champion my senior year and All-state first team honors. * Leader,†¦show more content†¦I have used that philosophy my whole life and it has gotten me to great places and I have met great people by just acting the way my mom showed me to. She is the hardest worker I have ever come across, because she was a single mom with 3 kids and worked 3 different jobs just to support us and she always found a way to spend a lot of time with us. All 3 of her kids have received scholarships for tennis to 4-year universities and it is all thanks to her showing us how to work hard at whatever we do in life so that we can have everything we want. Gordon was also very influential on my life because he has been like a father to me ever since my father left us when we were younger and he has taught me to always work as hard as I can and it will all payout in the end. I learned to be so caring by being around him, because he always helps kids to succeed at whatever they do and he took my family and I into his home when we were younger and didn’t have a place to live and there are not a lot of people in this world who would do that for someone and it has showed me to always be caring and nice to others and help out in any way I can. Section 2: Sport Career Research * Ranks: 1.) Promotion 2.) Performance 3.) Production I was most fascinated with the Promotion aspect of the Sport Industry because it has all of the marketing aspects and has to do mostly with players and directly with teams. I have always wanted to be a sports agent ever since I was aShow MoreRelatedCrime Scene Investigation647 Words   |  3 Pagesinvestigator? I do not know why people chose to work in this field but I know why I choose this career. I choose crime scene investigation as my career because when I was a little girl my dream was to figure out why and how people died. I enjoy watching crime scene investigation shows on television, elusively the ones involving elderlies and children. One of my favorite crime scene investigation shows is called 48 hours on Aamp;E. 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Steve Jobs Nonconformist Of The 21st Century - 1387 Words

Steve Jobs: Nonconformist of the 21st Century When an individual adheres to the standards and regulation that are set by society, they are considered a conformist in its purest form. On the opposite side of the spectrum, those who do not follow these specific guidelines set by society are labeled as nonconformists. In essence, a nonconformist is an individual who goes beyond the principles of others, at the same time, is able to enhance the well-being and creativeness of other individuals. Steve Jobs, mastermind of Apple Inc., is a nonconformist of the 21st century. Jobs’ ultimate goal during his time with Apple was to inspire the creativeness others through the use of Apple’s technology. Before Jobs founded Apple Inc. in 1976, computers were nowhere to be found in homes, instead, computers were mostly found only in labs or in certain work offices. As someone who changed the computer industry and made the personal user experience possible, Jobs proved time and time again to be a nonconformist at heart by forgoing t he standards of technology. During the 1970s, technology in the United States was still growing as personal computers were not as popular due to their bulky size. Not only were computers large in their form, they also cost more than what an average working class American could pay for. Due to the steppe price of a computer, they were considered more of a novelty item rather than a necessity for everyday use. Although personal computers were not yet seen in homes,Show MoreRelatedSteve Jobs : Nonconformist Of The 21st Century948 Words   |  4 PagesSteve Jobs: Nonconformist of the 21st Century When an individual adheres to the standards and regulation that are set by society, they are considered a conformist in its purest form. On the opposite side of the spectrum, those who do not follow these specific guidelines set by society are labeled as nonconformists. In essence, a nonconformist is an individual who goes beyond the principles of others, at the same time, is able to enhance the well-being and creativeness of other individuals. SteveRead MoreSteve Jobs, Mastermind Of Apple Inc.1399 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific guidelines set by society are labeled as nonconformists. In essence, a nonconformist is an individual who goes beyond the principles of others, at the same time, is able to enhance the well-being and creativeness of other individuals. Steve Jobs, mastermind of Apple Inc., is a nonconformist of the 21st century. Jobs’ ultimate goal during his time with Apple was to inspire the creativeness others through the use of Apple’s technology. Before Jobs founded Apple Inc. in 1976, computers were nowhereRead MoreDoctorate9485 Words   |  38 Pages When it comes to its service, consumers never have to wait in lines too long, since explorers are impatient and they have locations everywhere just like a traveling explorer. Starbucks has become one of the 25 greatest global brands of the 21st century as listed by Interbrand by utilizing â€Å"the Explorer archetype, artfully expressed in every detail – the product, the package, the shops, the logo, the name, and the very experience of placing an order. Such is the power of that archetype† (MarkRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSKILLS EXPLAIN A LEARNING MODEL FOR DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS REVIEW THE CONTENTS OF THE BOOK ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   This page intentionally left blank Introduction The Critical Role of Management Skills No one doubts that the twenty-first century will continue to be characterized by chaotic, transformational, rapid-fire change. In fact, almost no sane person is willing to predict what the world will be like 50, 25, or even 15 years from now. Change is just too rapid and ubiquitous. The development

Farming on a Whole New Level Free Essays

Farming on a Whole New Level Although people have worked in agriculture for more than 10,000 years, advances in technology assist with maintaining and protecting land, crops, and animal. The demand to keep food prices affordable encourage those working in the agriculture industry to operate as efficiently as possible (Newman and Ruiz 33-47). Almost all people and companies in this industry have many acres of land they must maintains, and it is not always feasible for farmers to take frequent trips around the property to perform basic tasks such as watering soil in the absence of rain. We will write a custom essay sample on Farming on a Whole New Level or any similar topic only for you Order Now The number of people – hours required to water soil manually on several thousand acres of land might result in businesses sending thousands of dollars in labor and utility costs. If the irrigation process is automated, sensors detect how much rain has fallen recently, as well as whether the soil is in need of watering. The sensors then send this data to a computer that processes in and decided when and how much to water. In addition to keeping the soil moist and reducing maintenance cost, computers also can utilize sensors to analyze the condition of crops in the field and determine whether pest or diseases are affecting the crop. If sensors detect pests and/or diseases, computers send a notification to the appropriate individual to take corrective action. In some cases, according to Brewster, the discovery of pests might trigger a pesticide to discharge in the affected are automatically (Agriculture: Expanding and Growing). Many farmers use technology on a daily basic to regulate soil moisture and to keep their crops pest free. With technology, farming can be much more convenient and efficient. Reference Barton, B. (2012, Feb. ). Computer in Agriculture. Agriculture Today and Tomorrow, pp. 53-86. Brewster, L. (2012, Jan. 3). Agriculture: Expanding and Growing. Retrieved Feb. 9, 2012 Newman, A. D. (2012). The Agricultural Industry Today. New York : Alabama Press. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Barton states that many automated home irrigation systems also are programmable and use rain sensors (67-73). How to cite Farming on a Whole New Level, Essay examples

Information Security System Security Risks Assessment-Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Information Security System for Security Risks Assessment. Answer: Introduction Information security is one of the most serious concerns relate to the technological advancements (Fritzson et al., 2014). Impact of these security issues not only hampers the daily life of the human being but also it hampers the organizational culture. In contrast with the organizational overview the role and responsibility of the information security vendor is very important and effective to the organizational structure as well as in case of the organizational development (Peltier, 2013). This aspect introduces role of the information security vendor. This report is elaborating the importance and role of information security vendor in reducing the cyber- risks. Evaluation of the Importance of information security vendors as strategic partner in reducing the information security risks Cyber- risks are getting increased day by day with the increase of technological advancements. The technological world is facing the challenges by the cyber- attacks and it is not only limited to the personal usages, in a broader level most of the giant, small and mid-sized organizations are facing this problem (Booth et al., 2016). In contrast with this scenario the role of the information security vendor is very crucial who can easily mitigate these risks. Following the specification that are important to be noted as the functionalities of information security vendors: Cyber-risk mitigation policy: Proactive measures for resolving the information security risks are time taking and costly, therefore the Information security vendors establishes well-documented and robust process for mitigating information security risks (Van Deursen et al., 2013). These policies will help the individual as well as the organizations to resolve their problems. Some of these policies are: Identification of the risks related to the cyber security Establishment of cyber security governance Development of procedures, policies and oversight processes Protection of company information and networks Identification an addressing of remote access to client information related to risks Managing the risk associated with vendors and other third parties Detection of unauthorized activity Evaluation of third party providers: Vendors, consultants and suppliers several times have the access to the company information. These confidential data access should be go through a proper risk assessment technique (Henriksen et al., 2013). This risk assessment process should be conducted for each of the concerned suppliers. The following matters are investigated by the information security vendors to mitigate the chances of risks: Use of security wall by the suppliers and vendors of the concerned organization Encryption and access to the information Customer should be notified that the information is stored in the cloud Sensitive information should be kept aside with proper security measures from suppliers and other vendors. The third party vendors should be careful of the company policies and restriction while accessing the company related information and documents. These data involves: personality identifiable information about employees and customers (Booth et al., 2016). Each third party entry by the vendors should be analyzed with first priority (Peltier, 2016). In addition to this a robust will be helpful to the information security vendors to understand the fraudulent. The information security vendors are one of the crucial part related to organization that cannot be avoided, therefore, they should pay more attention to the policies and measures taken by the organization for mitigating cyber- security risks. Understanding of elements causing cyber-risks: According to the surveys done on the cyber security measures it is clear that most of the organizations are not able to identify the core elements that are also equally responsible for generating the risks (Taylor Robinson, 2014). These factors are almost psychological and sociological aspects related to the vendors. The risks associated with the system or cyber system are not very much complex to be understood. Information security vendors supplies and donate important factors or elements to their customer organization. In addition to this, their awareness about the security threats happening within the system as well as the critical factors that may affect the entire system related to the IT infrastructure (Hall McGraw, 2014). Following are the top most root causes of cyber threats: malwares, Errors introduced by the user, attacks by the outsiders, failure from the end of service providers, vulnerabilities caused by mobile devices et c. These above mentioned clauses are followed by the information security vendors in order to assure the secured way of using the information security system. Developing Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability: Confidentiality, integrity and availability are three core perspectives related to the information security (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). It is the duty of the information security vendors to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data related to the information system. Confidentiality: Confidentiality revolves around the protecting a system. The unauthorized user cannot access all the information related to any organization. This aspect makes the organization feel safer. In this case the information security vendors pay a great role (Boorman et al., 2014). They are the main element through which all the confidential information is leaked out. They introduce they follows specific strategies to maintain these confidentiality of information. Integrity: Once the tenet of confidentiality is identified then integrity should also be incorporated within the system (Alese et al., 2015). Proper knowledge of data integrity allows the information security vendors to analyze the accurate data in several critical situations. The absence of accurate data within the information security system the entire system cannot provide the right direction to the organization. This aspect leads to poor decision making of the organization with respect to the organizational development (Glisson Storer, 2013). Therefore, the information security vendor has a great position handling the data integrity within the information security system. They provide the right information about the system to the organization as well to other vendors. Availability: The last stage of the CIA model is availability. This tenet is responsible for stopping the users from accessing the confidential resources of organization (Chang et al., 2014). It is important for judging the effectiveness of any system that it has the capability to deliver the information to the business partners. The information security system incorporates the risk assessment techniques that are helpful for analyzing the risk factors (Ong, 2015). Information security vendor maintains the confidentiality, integrity as well as make the data available to other vendors as well as to the organizational members. Four factors in reducing Information security risks Information security consultants play a great role in analyzing the impact of the risk associated with the system (Fritzson et al., 2014). The above mentioned aspects are some of the crucial roles and responsibilities of the information security consultants in reducing the risk associated with the information security system. Other than these roles and aspects there are other important roles of them within the information security system (Peltier, 2013). These aspects are discussed as follows: Acceptance of regulation, Raising of red flag about power prevention, Implementation of service level agreement, Third party vendor assessment. Acceptance of regulation: The information security consultants should follow the regulatory measures to prevent the security risks involved within the system. Raising of red flag about power prevention: Information security consultants dont provide access of confidential resources to third party vendors for security purpose (Hackney, 2011). Implementation of service level agreement: Service level agreements help the information security consultants to restrict the third party vendors from accessing their confidential data. Third party vendor assessment: The information security consultants provide limited access of organizational resources to the third party vedors. Importance of above mentioned factors Following are the detailed explanation of the other important factors in information security risk assessment. Acceptance of regulation: Organizations provide several safeguards and other security measures to make their system more strong against the cyber- risk issues. Multiple layers of protection are needed to protect the entire system (Booth et al., 2016). In this case the functionality of the information security vendor is to just follow these regulations provided by the organization for their safety measures (Van Deursen et al., 2013). Among these multiple layer some of the important aspects are: encryption of data, authentication of the users etc. Raising of red flag about power prevention: The misuse of power can also be another problem within the information security system (Henriksen et al., 2013). Information security vendors should prevent the user and other members of the organization from accessing the confidential data related to the organization. In most of the cases the organization doesnt take care of the chance of beaches. At the time of breaches anyhow they want to put an end to that matter (Peltier, 2016). Red alert against the power prevention measures allows the user as well as third party vendors to be restricted from the confidential and integrated data of the concerned organization. Implementation of service level agreement: The information security consultants can improvise their service level agreement signed with their third party vendors (Taylor Robinson, 2014). Basically the SLA is concerned with the regulating measures that are provided by the organization or information security consultants to the third party vendors. The information security consultant checks the compatibility of the SLA with the compliances of the third party vendors (Ghodeswar Vaidyanathan, 2008). Key factor of the SLA must be covering the following issues: security of the information, privacy support to the information, risk and threat analysis of the information access to the network and data, reporting requirement related to the breach identification and resolution techniques (Hall McGraw, 2014). These aspects help not only information security consultants but also the organization to understand the importance of the risk management related to the information security breaches. Third party vendor assessment: Third party hacking is getting increased day by day. There are several types of vendors that require different type access to the data. Come vendors require direct access to the resources of data, whereas some vendors needs the access to a part of system (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). The second one is not that much harmful as the first one. In the first case the vendor can easily introduce the data theft into the system. Conclusion Technological advancements facilitate the in accordance with the daily needs as well as it incorporates several threats and disadvantages to the system. Data theft, malwares within the information system and other aspects related to information security systems are getting increased day by day. These aspects need to be monitored by the organizational heads. According to the context of organizational overview it is clear that the information security consultant plays a great role in reducing the security risks. This report is explaining the importance of information security consultants in this field. References Alese, B. K., Oyebade, O., Iyare, O., Festus, O. A., Thompson, A. F. (2015). A Web based Information Security Risks Assessment Model. Boorman, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., Yao, S., Wang, M., Tai, L. (2014). Implications of social media networks on information security risks. Booth, R., Richardson, S., Simon, J. (2016). Security Risks Related to Employee Extra-Role Creation of an Online-persona. Chang, C. H., Xu, J., Song, D. P. (2014). An analysis of safety and security risks in container shipping operations: A case study of Taiwan.Safety Science,63, 168-178. Fritzson, A., Bezrukov, S., Palka, S. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,793,799. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ghodeswar, B., Vaidyanathan, J. (2008). Business process outsourcing: An approach to gain access to world-class capabilities. https://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/********9?accountid=28180 Hackney, D. G. (2011). The department of defense information security process: a study of change acceptance and past-performance-based outsourcing. https://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/********8?accountid=28180 Glisson, W. B., Storer, T. (2013). Investigating Information Security Risks of Mobile Device Use within Organizations.arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.0521. Hall, J. L., McGraw, D. (2014). For telehealth to succeed, privacy and security risks must be identified and addressed.Health Affairs,33(2), 216-221. Henriksen, E., Burkow, T. M., Johnsen, E., Vognild, L. K. (2013). Privacy and information security risks in a technology platform for home-based chronic disease rehabilitation and education.BMC medical informatics and decision making,13(1), 1. Ong, L. P. (2015). Awareness of information security risks: an investigation of people aspects (a study in Malaysia). Peltier, T. R. (2013).Information security fundamentals. CRC Press. Peltier, T. R. (2016).Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Taylor, R., Robinson, S. (2014). Can Optimism Increase Organizations Information Security Risks?. Van Deursen, N., Buchanan, W. J., Duff, A. (2013). Monitoring information security risks within health care.computers security,37, 31-45. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security.computers security,38, 97-102.

The Tale of MMs on the Hospital Floor free essay sample

Why am I crying? I mean, I’m barely three years old am I always expected to provide a legitimate reason? Something really bad must have happened, though, considering I’m sure I was so cheerful a couple minutes ago when the nice nurse gave me some candy. What would Blue’s Clues do in this situation? Just this morning, I watched Blue help his friends find things they’ve lost. I start humming the song he sang through the television: â€Å"go back, go back, go back to where you were!† So, I go back and assess my surroundings. I’m still in the stale-smelling hospital daddy rushed us to this morning. Somewhere, not too far I hope, my mommy and her big tummy are waiting for my baby sister to show up. Hospitals are a little weird, but everyone here keeps telling me that being a big sister is, like, the coolest thing ever, so I guess it’s okay. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tale of MMs on the Hospital Floor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now that I’ve remembered where I am, I look down at the white linoleum floors. Millions of gazillions of mini MM’s lie scattered around my sneakers. Seeing all the beautiful Elmo-colored, Big Bird-colored, Oscar-colored, and Cookie Monster-colored candies sparkling on the floor made me forget why I was crying in the first place. Boy, do I wish I was watching Sesame Street. I turn my attention to the empty MM’s container laying limp in my palm. I start to tear up again. Instead of filling up my tummy and turning my tongue Sesame Street-colored they’re wasting away on the floor. The combination of three-year-old sniffled cries and rattling of fallen rainbow drops finally catches the attention of some nurses. I frantically try to clean up the shiny, candy-splattered hospital floors. Go back, go back, go back to where you were! I still repeat these words to myself fourteen years later. My food memory, as I like to call it, helps me take a step back into my identity. There was never a time when food didn’t play this major role in my life. I remember my toddler years by chopped up tomatoes in a highchair, a barbie princess birthday cake, and an undercooked chicken cutlet. I remember my dog stealing string-cheese out of my hand and walking to Joanne’s Pizza multiple nights a week, yet I can’t alone remember the name of my pre-school teacher or my first hit in softball. Now, however, when my family sits down for some of Mom’s baked ziti, I consciously do something my mind did un-consciously my whole life: store the memories of everything we laughed over at dinner right beside the zesty blend of ricotta cheese and pasta sauce. Almost everything I’ve experienced, both good and bad, goes hand-in-hand with some sort of food-related anecdote. And, so, whenever the conversation of my sisters birth arises, Im prepared and eager to share The Tale of MMs on the Hospital Floor. By defining life’s â€Å"bad eggs† by food, I am able to remember breaking my wrist at age seven by the gooey s’mores I devoured that day, instead of the pain. This, I feel, is why I’m always able to stand back up when life boils over. Sometimes when I’m left with a bad taste in my mouth, I’d rather grab a chocolate chip cookie that takes me back to a time when I was really happy or proud of myself than dwell in negativity. By doing this, I don’t let the little things get me down. If I feel like I’ve fallen off track, or lost my momentum or something, I just remind myself to go back to where I was.

Facial Recognition essays

Facial Recognition essays Fingerprint and Facial Recognition Software. Crime fighting tools Since the birth of the digital age, the rapidly changing technology of computers is allowing people to perform tasks that once were performed manually and took several hours, if not days to complete. From the average person using a computer to order goods through the internet to Law Enforcement Agencies using computers to help apprehend violent criminals and foreign , computers and computer software has changed the way we live and perform everyday tasks. In any society, there will always be a criminal element trying to elude the law. Early methods consisted of sketching suspects and having their images printed on wanted posters to be displayed in public. This early method gave the public a visual image of the wanted person and made it more difficult for them to carry on with their illegal activities without being noticed by someone. This method wasnt always the most accurate because innocent people who slightly resembled the accused could be apprehended and jailed wrongfully. Years later, other methods would be developed could accurately identify a suspect and link him to a crime. One of the most accurate methods was fingerprint identification. Fingerprints could be collected from a crime scene and stored for later comparison when a suspect was apprehended. Because every person has a unique set of fingerprints, wrongful identification was greatly reduced and the strong evidence was directly linked to the guilty. Other methods would follow over the years but fingerprint identification would remain as the most solid form of identification. In the 70s, with computer technology changing rapidly and criminals becoming more dangerous, the FBI started looking into methods of storing fingerprints digitally in order to share them with other agencies across the country. This system would come to be known as AFIS (Automate ...

Utility of Concept of Marketing to Organizations Essay

Utility of Concept of Marketing to Organizations - Essay Example It also represents the smooth interface between the flow of goods and services for development of a positive business environment. The study will deal with the importance of marketing in the development of business strategies and also other relative business activities within the organizations. It will also highlight the various concepts of marketing which are useful in starting a business and other relative business marketing activities. Finally, the study will conclude the impact of marketing on the activities conducted by the organizations. The concept of marketing helps the organization reaching their goals in a systematic manner also with the intention of creation of customer value. Marketing has not only helped the profit oriented organizations but also to the nonprofits organizations and libraries to large extent to contribute considerably to the benefits of the society. It has supported the organizations to accomplish their goals with the incorporation of marketing concepts a nd the implementation of marketing techniques. Unlike the traditional marketing concepts the modern marketing lays emphasis on the customer needs through the incorporation of various technologies. The concepts of marketing have helped the organizations to identify the marketing techniques to which it can helps in restructuring, orientation of the organization. ... For example the production department of the organization needs the concepts of marketing for the smooth physical distribution of goods and services (Gilbert, 2008). These help in the solving problem related to inventory control, cost minimization and that too within certain limits. It terms of distribution purposes and is solely responsible for the sales response to the company stimuli and also focuses on target markets and buying behaviour. The inclusion of concepts of marketing in providing specialised customer service helps in the goals and objectives, establish the interdependence of physical distribution and marketing (Gupta, 2009). Certain marketing concepts like segmentation, positioning, targeting, exchange transactions, relationships and networks, marketing channels, supply chain and completion help the organization for improvisation overall. This concept assists the organization in several ways for the process of quality control, service and product development by taking i nto account the customer needs and services, awareness of their services etc. It also helps in determining and evaluation of the appropriateness of the existing activity that leads to the development of the product and services. Implementation of the marketing activities help in the business, profit and non profit oriented organizations. However, the manager need to utilize and comprehend certain components of marketing theory which help then in realizing the differences and also the distinguishing between different marketing concepts for selling, promotion, public relations and other functional aspects that are an integral part of the marketing process. It helps in the total contribution of the marketing implementation activities which contribute to the overall

Class objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class objectives - Essay Example With all that power, marketing is a subject worthy of serious study. One of the most important things marketers can do, and one of the things I wish to learn the most about, is the building of relationships with customers. Many companies succeed in the marketplace because they are able to develop and sustain relationships with consumers in a way that makes consumers feel as though they are part of a family. This is partly done by concerning a company with their consumers satisfaction. Marketing is about playing into peoples' dreams and expectations of their own lives. The more that a company understands their customers desires and wishes, as well as underlying factors such as demographics and income levels, the easier it is to build that relationship through marketing. Marketing is an important part of our lives. To know the forces that help to dictate our choices in the marketplace, it is important to understand how marketing works. That is my main objective in taking this course.

Abstract Data Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abstract Data Structures - Essay Example In fact, the majority of object-oriented programming languages encompass the characteristics of user defined abstract data types. For example in C++ this operation can be performed by using a class that has no protected/public data members (simply private), nor some techniques, nor friends that return references/pointers to some of the private fields (C2, 2008). This paper presents an overview of various abstract data structures that are used in computing. An Overview of Abstract Data Type The design of a computer program can be made much easier and simpler by making use of the abstract data structures. In this scenario, the program’ data and information can be arranged into  abstract data structures  (or simply ADS). For instance, we can use arrays (where an array is a set or sequence of consecutive memory locations that has the same name and same type) to form a table that has 3 columns and an undefined number of rows, in the scenario of an  array  with 2 dimensions: 1-a huge amount of rows, and 2three columns. In addition, a vital characteristic of contemporary computer programs is the capacity to operate abstract data structures with measures or techniques that are pre-defined by the software designer or programmer. However, for this purpose data structure should be used cautiously, with consideration, and in detail. (Schmalz, 2007). Sometimes the term ‘abstract data structure’ is used  in place of abstract data type. The basic idea here is that we are involved in the real structures to store data. In this scenario, the one most simple abstract data structure is the  Linked List. Basically, a linked list is described through the techniques that are applied on it, which includes  tail,  head, cons  and is-empty. In addition, a list based data structure is an ordered linear structure. In this scenario, its head is the initial element in line; list data structure tail is the list composed of all the elements besides the fi rst. The cons of an element of a list is the list data structure whose head is that element, as well as whose tail is the unique list. Moreover, a list can be empty; in that scenario it could generate an error if someone attempts to access its tail or head; however an element can be considered to it to have a new list (Huntbach, 1999). What is Abstraction? The fundamental idea of abstraction is that a data type should be described simply in the form of processes that are applicable on objects of its kind, not in scenario of how the category is applied on a real computer (for example, an array or a stack). In this scenario, the objects of a specific category are built and checked simply through processes calls that raise the access functions for that particular type. In addition, it allows the programmers to change the data type without making any change outside the module of code in which that type is defined. Moreover, a common instance of an abstract data structure is a stack. In this case functions can be performed to generate an empty stack, to drive values onto a stack, as well as to pop values from a stack (BookRags, Inc., 2012). Main Features and importance for Computing From the perspective of abstract data structures, an abstract class is a class that does not encompass an application for one or more techniques. In fact, the abstract data structures do not have any direction of what to perform in response of a call to the process that is abstract. In addition, in order to generate an object for the abstract class we need to generate a real subclass and create an object for it to access it (GeekInterview, 2007; BookRags, Inc., 2012; C2, 2008). Additionally, an abstract class

Concepts of Money Measurement

Concepts of Money Measurement Business Entity Concept can also be known as separate entity concept. A business entity concept is the financial activities are record distinct from the people who finance it such as owners, creditors, customers, and employers. The accounting records reflect the financial activities of a specific corporate entity. So, the business should separately from the proprietor or investor. When the profit is return in to the business, the profit must be taken into account. For example, the sole trader invests available funds in the market share account. These available funds are not affecting the financial status of the business itself. Money Measurement Concept Money Measurement Concept is expressed in monetary term. Every transaction is records in terms of money. If the transaction cannot be measured in monetary term, then the transaction cannot be taken into account. Going Concern Concept Going concern concept is the business that expected that a business will continue to operate its business for the next 12 months or next accounting period. This concept assumes that the business is going on steadily training for year to year without reducing its operation. When an enterprise liquidates or scale down a part of operation of the enterprise, the ability of the enterprise to continue as going concern concept is not impaired normally. Materiality Concept This materiality concept is refers to purposes paying attention to important events and ignoring insignificant accounting items as well as suggests small aster purchases or improvements should be initially written off as an expense. Prudence concept Prudence concept is taking a proper caution in measuring profit and income. Prudence must be exercised when preparing financial statements because of the uncertainty surrounding many transactions. In this concept, income should not be anticipated at all possible losses should be provided for. a.) Give FOUR reasons why depreciation may occur. The definition of the depreciation is refers to noncash expense that reduces the value of an asset as a result of wear and tear, age, or obsolescence. Most assets lose their value over time and must be replaced once the end of their useful life is reached. The main reason of the depreciation is due to the physical wear and tear and the passage of time. For example, the value of the car is reduced over time as new model is introduced to the market, or the value of used motor vehicles is lower than a similar model but new motor vehicles. The second reason is obsolescence of the asset. For instance, the old machine in a factory is become more obsolescence due to time that the machine used. After many years, the value of the machine is depreciated because the residual or scrap value of the asset and similar new machine is come out in the market. The third reason is passage of time. Some assets diminish in value on account of sheer passage of time, even though they are not used. For example, the patent rights, copy rights and lease hold property. The forth reason is depletion of the asset. The depletion is to provide for the consumption on charge against earnings, based on the amount of wasting natural resources that are taken out of total available reserves during an accounting period. 2 b.) A firm buys a motor vehicles in January 20X5 for RM10,000. Calculate the annual depreciation for the first four years using. Reducing Balance Method, at an annual rate of 20%. Reducing Balance Method: Depreciation: Reduced Balance: Year 1 (20X5) 20% x RM 10,000 = RM 2,000 (RM 10,000 2,000) = RM 8,000 Year 2 (20X6) 20% x RM 8,000 = RM 1,600 (RM 8,000 1,600) = RM 6,400 Year 3 (20X7) 20% x RM 6,400 = RM 1,280 (RM 6,400 1,280) = RM 5,120 Year 4 (20X8) 20% x RM 5,120 = RM 1,024 (RM5, 120 1,024) = RM 4,096 Straight Line Method, if the vehicle is to be sold in four years time for RM2,000. Straight Line Method: Depreciation per year = = = RM 2,000 Dt Motor Vehicle account Ct ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM 20X5 20X5 Jan 1 Bank 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X6 20X6 Jan 1 Balance b/d 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X7 20X7 Jan 1 Balance b/d 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X8 20X8 Jan 1 Balance b/d 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dt Provision for Depreciation on Vehicle Ct ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM 20X5 20X5 Dec 31 Balance c/d 2,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 ÂÂ   20X6 20X6 Dec 31 Balance c/d 4,000 Jan 1 Balance b/d 2,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 4,000 4,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X7 20X7 Dec 31 Balance c/d 6,000 Jan 1 Balance b/d 4,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 6,000 ÂÂ   6,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X8 20X8 Dec 31 Balance c/d 8,000 Jan 1 Balance b/d 6,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 8,000 ÂÂ   8,000 Profit Loss Account ( extract ) for the year ended 31 December ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X5 20X6 20X7 20X8 Operating expenses : RM RM RM RM Depreciation of Motor Vehicle 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Balance Sheet ( extract ) as at 31 December ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X5 20X6 20X7 20X8 Fixed Assets RM RM RM RM Motor Vehicle, at cost 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Less : Provision for depreciation 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Net book value 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Calculate the cost of raw materials issued from the following data using : DATE PURCHASES SALES JAN 15 units x RM 10.00 FEB 10 units x RM 10.50 APRIL 20 units x RM 25.00 JUN 8 units x RM 11.00 AUG 10 units x RM 25.00 SEPT 20 units x RM12.00 NOV 13 units x RM 25.00 a.) LIFO method Date Purchases Cost of goods sold Balance Jan 15units x RM 10 15units x RM 10 = RM 150 Feb 10units x RM10.50 10units x RM 10.50 = RM 105 TOTAL 25 units @ RM 225 April 10units x RM10.50 10units x RM 10 10units x RM10.50 = RM105 10units x RM 10 = RM100 TOTAL 5 units x RM10 = RM 50 Jun 8 units x RM11 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 TOTAL 5 units x RM10 = RM 50 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 13 units @ RM 138 August 8 units x RM 11 2 units x RM 10 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 2 units x RM 10 = RM 20 10 units @ RM 108 TOTAL 3 units x RM 10 = RM 30 Sept 20 units x RM 12 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 TOTAL 3 units x RM 10 = RM 30 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 23 units @ RM 270 Nov 13 units x RM 12 13 units x RM 12 = RM 156 Closing stock 3 units x RM 10 = RM 30 7 units x RM 12 = RM 84 10 units @ RM 114 Sales = ( 20 units + 10 units + 13 units ) x RM 25 = RM 1075 Cost of goods sold = (10units x RM10.50) + (10units x RM 10 ) + (8 units x RM 11 ) + (2 units x RM 10 ) + ( 13 units x RM 12 ) = RM 105 + RM 100 + RM 88 + RM 20 + RM 156 = RM 469 GROSS PROFIT =Sales Cost of Goods Sold = RM1075 RM469 = RM606 b.) FIFO method Date Purchase Cost of goods sold Balance Jan 15 units x RM 10 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 Feb 10 units x RM 10.50 10 units x RM 10.50= RM 105 TOTAL 25 units @ RM155 April 15 units x RM 10 5 units x RM 10.50 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 5 units x RM 10.50= RM 52.50 20 units @ RM 202.50 TOTAL 5 units x RM 10.50 = RM 52.50 Jun 8 units x RM 11 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 TOTAL 5 units x RM 10.50 = RM 52.50 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 13 units @ RM 140.50 August 5 units x RM 10.50 5 units x RM 11 5 units x RM 10.50 = RM 52.50 5 units x RM 11 = RM 55 10 units @ RM 107.50 TOTAL 3 units x RM 11 = RM 33 Sept 20 units x RM 12 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 TOTAL 3 units x RM 11 = RM 33 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 23 units @ RM273 Nov 3 units x RM 11 10 units x RM 12 3 units x RM 11 = RM 33 10 units x RM 12 = RM 120 13 units @ RM 153 Closing stock 10 units x RM 12 = RM 120 Sales = ( 20 units + 10 units + 13 units ) x RM 25 = RM 1075 Cost of goods sold = ( 15 units x RM 10 ) + ( 5 units x RM 10.50 ) + ( 5 units x RM 10.50 ) + ( 5 units x RM 11 ) + ( 3 units x RM 11 ) + ( 10 units x RM 12 ) = RM 150 + RM 52.50 + RM 52.50 + RM 55 + RM 33 + RM 120 = RM 463 GROSS PROFIT =Sales Cost of Goods Sold =RM1075 RM463 =RM612 c.) Average cost method Date Purchases Cost of goods sold Balance Jan 15 units x RM 10 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 Feb 10 units x RM 10.50 10 units x RM 10.50 = RM 105 WAVCO 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 10 units x RM 10.50 = RM 105 25 units @ RM 225 = RM 10.20 / units April 20 units x RM 10.20 20 units x RM 10.20 = RM 204 TOTAL 5 units x RM 10.20 = RM 51 Jun 8 x RM 11 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 WAVCO 5 units x RM 10.20 = RM 51 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 13 units @ RM 139 = RM 10.69 / units August 10 units x RM 10.69 10 units x RM 10.69 = RM 106.90 TOTAL 3 units x RM 10.69 = RM 32.07 Sept 20 units x RM 12 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 WAVCO 3 units x RM 10.69 = RM 32.07 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 23 units @ RM 272.07 = RM 11.83 / units Nov 13 units x RM 11.83 13 units x RM 11.83 = RM 153.79 Closing stock 10 units x RM 11.83 = RM 118.30 Sales = ( 20 units + 10 units + 13 units ) x RM 25 = RM 1075 Cost of Goods Sold = ( 20 units x RM 10.20 ) + ( 10 units x RM 10.69 ) + (13 units x RM 11.83 ) = RM 204 + RM 106.90 + RM 153.79 = RM 464.69 GROSS PROFIT =Sales Cost of Goods Sold = RM1075 RM 464.69 = RM 610.31 5a.) Explain clearly the difference between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. Capital expenditure is acquired to be used in business operation to generate revenue for a period of more than one year. Capital expenditure is the money that spends on buying asset. For instance, office equipment and motor vehicle are the examples of the capital expenditure. Capital expenditure also can be considered as the useful economic life of the asset. Therefore, the expenditure incurred is allocated over the period it is used to match the revenue earned. On the other hand, revenue expenditure are incur in the current year in the business operation. The revenue expenditure is the expenditure on the wages, premises, and utility bills. Therefore, the revenue expenditure need to written off to the profit and loss account in the year in order to measure the profit or loss. This is an accounting concept termed matching and accruals concept. Revenue expenditure also is the money that spends to obtain the use of the asset and maintain the dairy operation of the business. b.) Classify the following items as capital or revenue expenditure. i .) Cost of new machinery Capital expenditure ii . ) Petrol and oil for the motor vehicle Revenue expenditure iii . ) Wages of office staff Revenue expenditure iv . ) Extension of factory Capital expenditure v . ) Repainting office Revenue expenditure vi . ) Cost of road tax and insurance for new van Capital expenditure vii . ) Cost of road tax and insurance for existing van Revenue expenditure viii . ) Repair and maintenance of existing van Revenue expenditure ix . ) Legal fees paid in connection with factory extension Revenue expenditure x . ) Cost of painting firms name on new van Capital expenditure Bibliography Internet sources Wikipedia 2009, Entity concept, 5 Dec, viewed by 3 July 2010 BusinessDictionary.com 2010, business entity concept, viewed by 18 June 2010 Tutor2u, accounting concept and conventions, viewed by 18 June 2010 Anil Kumar Gupta 2007, Depreciation, Causes of Depreciation, Need for Provision of Depreciation , 2 June ,viewed by 18 June 2010

American Religion in Long Days Journey into Night Essay -- Long Days

American Religion in Long Days Journey into Night      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The modernist sentiments throughout Long Days Journey into Night, by Eugene O'Neill, are apparent in many different ways.   Among the methods he used was the portrayal of America's withdrawal from traditional religion and modes of behavior.   He used his immigrant Irish family, the Tyrones, as a pedestal for this idea by highlighting their departure from traditional Irish beliefs and their struggle to form new, uniquely American, ones.   O'Neill did this by repeatedly evoking a drastic difference between his character's conduct and their Irish Catholic counterparts.   He replaced the main tenets of the Catholic faith, communion and confession, with entirely new ones. While the Tyrone family was busy forging new American spirituality, the author was bringing about the birth of truly American drama.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tyrone family made the choice to renounce their old ties and form new ones, with differing amounts of success.   This meant a severing from the Catholic faith community, leaving a social void that they tried to fill with drugs and money.   James Tyrone, the father, sold himself out early on when he opted to act for money rather that for the sake of art.   His sons Jamie and Edmond also turned away from the Church by shrouding their lives in alcohol and whores.   Lastly, their mother Mary Tyrone had effectively excommunicated herself by marrying a disreputable actor and turning to morphine to solve her problems.   I am not sure if in the end their gods matched up to their ... ...w chosen religion, no longer an Irishman but an American.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The day was a journey from of external versus internal spirituality but also of internal versus external influence on American theater.   By using themes of immigration and social integration, O'Neill broke away from European theater influence and created an entirely new class of theater: American.   And while he borrowed ideas from the Greek and Shakespearean theater, he combined them with a new setting and audience to form an entirely new art form.   Just as the Tyrones could never fully leave behind Ireland, O'Neill could not entirely leave behind Europe.   Instead, the author and his characters took their existing belief/theater structure and adapted it to a new country, while making it their own.

A research paper on cocaine Essay

Grown in the countries of South America, with Columbia being the most productive, the Erythroxylon Coca bush is the natural origin of cocaine, a central nervous stimulant. Its history is as rich and diverse as the people using and dealing the drug. Cocaine use dates as far back as the 16th century when it was used among Inca royalty. In the early 1800’s cocaine was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its honor and famous author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† during a six -day cocaine binge. In the early 1900’s cocaine was available to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the effects of cocaine by stating that it â€Å"could make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain†. The use of cocaine found its way into other products like wine and the most famous of all, Coca Cola. Early production of Coca Cola contained 60mg of cocaine. Today, the popular soft drink still uses the leaves of the Coco Bush for flavor but the illicit drug has been removed (www.cocaine.org). The resurrection of cocaine use as a recreational drug began in the 1960’s, and was used mostly among the affluent because of its price. Movie stars, sport stars and the like give cocaine its mystique and draw; psychological and physical effects make it addictive. Changes in form and price make cocaine far more accessible and affordable. Today, there is no clear connection between the use of cocaine and education, occupation or socioeconomic status. Cocaine is generally sold as a hydrochloride salt, a fine white powder substance that is commonly referred to as â€Å"snow†, â€Å"coke† or â€Å"blow†. Street dealers of cocaine commonly dilute, or â€Å"cut† the drug with similar looking substances like talcum powder or with active local anesthetics and even sometimes with other stimulants like amphetamines. The purity of street cocaine, powder form, is about 75 percent. When the impurities of this form are removed, it is known as â€Å"freebase† or â€Å"crack† cocaine. â€Å"Crack† cocaine  is easier to find and less expensive to buy. Cocaine in any form can be found in almost every town and city. Research studies done in 1999 showed cocaine is used by over 3.7 million Americans 12 years old and over, with the highest rate among people 18 and 25 years of age. The use among people 35 years and older also continues to rise (www.cocaine.org). The effects of cocaine depend on the route of administration, the amount of consumption, the user’s past experience, and the circumstances under which its taken. The major routes of administration are snorting, injecting, and smoking. Snorting is inhaling the powder form through the nasal cavity. The drug enters the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting cocaine is using a syringe to release the drug directly into the bloodstream. Smoking cocaine is inhaling the cocaine vapors or smoke delivering large quantities to the lungs where it then enters the bloodstream as quickly as injecting. Cocaine interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine that is a chemical messenger of pleasure to the brain. The effects are instant and intense but not long lasting (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The short -term effects usually make the user fell euphoric, energetic, and alert to their senses. It can decrease your anxiety and heighten your sexuality. Crack users have described the rush as a â€Å"whole body orgasm.† Or, a user can feel anxious or panic-stricken. The drug is a parody of heaven and hell. Often times the cocaine user craves other drugs. These symptoms appear quickly and disappear within a few minutes or a few hours. Physically, a person’s blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and breathing accelerate, along with pupil dialation. In larger amounts the side effects intensify. The â€Å"high† might include feelings of paranoia, vertigo, and muscle twitches and physically a user might experience chest pains, nausea, blurred vision. Over time with continued use, the effects of cocaine gradually change. Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user will lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug wear out their nasal septum while those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deaths  are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the user’s tolerance, the drug will build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their daily activities. â€Å"Cocaine just made you feel really good. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and that’s the beginning of the end.† (â€Å"Drug Wars†; A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit lifestyle to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaine’s influence leads a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the organizations that produce and supply the product. Cocaine’s addiction has two sides: the love of the high and the love of the money. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 billion a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations controlled most of America’s cocaine supply. Annual revenues of the Colombian drug trade have been estimated to be 5 billion dollars. The drug cartels existing today control every phase of the drug trafficking business. They manufacture, transport, distribute, and finance cocaine. Like many large corporations, the business involves bankers, accountants, and lawyers, wholesalers and retailers. More special to this business the cartel â€Å"payroll† also includes chemists, pilots and enforcers of security (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The cartels are structured in layers, at the center is the cartel manager or â€Å"kingpin†. Information shared among the members of the cartel is highly secularized. Only a choice few are privy to all the workings of the cartel. Those employees holding positions in the outer layers of the organization (the lawyers, accountants, bankers, and enforcers) reap the financial benefits of serving their bosses but are strictly put on a need to know basis. Cartels operating in the United States are referred to as â€Å"cells† which are â€Å"self contained organized units.† The Medillin Cartel was the first known, successful cartel of cocaine  traffickers coming from Colombia. It was established in 1978 and lead by Carlos Lehder. It used violence and intimidation to stay one step ahead of the justice system. The cartel bribed police officers with money or threatened them with death if they did not honor the cartel and look the other way when they did business. The Medellin Cartel was taken down in March of 1984. Carlos Lehder was arrested in 1987, tried in the United States and sentenced to 135 years without the possibility of parole. George Jung’s, the Medillin Cartel’s American contact, testimony against Lehder assured his conviction. In the 1990’s, on the heels of the Medillin, came the Cali Cartel. They are responsible for 70-80 percent of the cocaine coming into the United States and 90 percent of that entering Europe. Instead of violence and intimidation like their counter parts, the Cali operated their business using a subtle approach. Law enforcement has had difficulty in closing the Cali operations for many reasons. Their structure is different from that of the Medillin, as is their methods of smuggling. They are much more conservative. They only sell to people they know. The â€Å"home office,† which is the CEO and vice presidents, coordinate the cells. The cells contact the buyers usually by cellular phone or pager and arrange the time and place to distribute the drugs. Payment is made at the second meeting. When the deal is done, the home office is contacted and accurate records are kept by both (www.awesomestories.com). While the Colombians may monopolize the cocaine market, there are similar organizations in other countries. The Triads and Tongs of China, La Compania of Cuba, and the Yakuza of Japan are some other major drug trafficking organizations. They have successfully invested into legitimate American business. The one thing they all have in common: United States of America as a client base (www.cocainefacts.com). Cocaine touches many people on a variety of levels. It can completely change a person’s personality, for the worse. It spins a web of deceit and destruction. Physically and mentally the drug tricks you from recognizing reality. Euphoria tricks you into believing that the high is good, all the while the time bomb is ticking. Blowing up your mind is just a matter of time. Works Cited Bailey, William J. Factline on Cocaine. 1995: Heller, Matthew. â€Å"Addicted to Love.† Los Angeles Magazine. Sept. 1999. No Author Given. No Author Given.

The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay Example

The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay Example The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay The purpose of this undertaking is to research the consequence of out-of-door drama on kids s societal, emotional and physical development. Harmonizing to Bruce ( 2004 ) drama is likely one of the least understood facets of an early-childhood practician s work ( p.135 ) . The conceptualization of drama is shared by many other early childhood practicians for whom drama is considered indispensable, as an activity advancing acquisition ( p.135 ) . Outdoor drama is a much needed activity in the early childhood. You may hold come across a kid playing and you are certain he/she is holding a merriment clip. Therefore, drama is the edifice block of a kid s rational accomplishments. Through drama kid develops societal, emotional and physical accomplishments. The out-of-doorss harmonizing to Letter A ; Wyver ( 2008 ) presents obvious chances to travel and be active, and for kids to detect and prosecute with the natural environment, every bit good as the opportunity for unfastened ende d activities such as sand A ; H2O drama, building and feign drama. Harmonizing to Hutt et Al ( 1989, p.10 ) the emotional and societal development of pre-school kids depends crucially upon drama while Penn ( 2008 ) asserts that to larn about kid development is to larn about Piaget ( p.41 ) . As Piaget focused on how kids get cognition, he tried to understand how kids change the manner they think, how babes show intense reactions to external stimuli them ( Penn, 2008 ) . Ibid ( 2008 ) asserts that it was Piaget who provided a theoretical legitimating of larning through drama. In add-on, Berk ( 2009 ) , Keenan ( 2002 ) A ; Bruce ( 2004 ) are steadfast trusters that kids actively explore their environment and are influential in determining their ain cognition. They believe that it was through societal interaction with more experient and more knowing members of the society parents, relations, instructors, equals etc. that kids are able to get the cognition and accomplishments that a civilization deems to be of import Harmonizing to Bruce ( 2004 ) there is no clear definition for drama. It is still an umbrella universe ( Ibid, 1991 ) , while other early childhood practicians defined drama as child s work. Play is primary manner kids express their societal nature ( Strickland et al, 2003 ) . Ibid ( 2003 ) argued that all childs enjoy playing entirely some of the clip ; while some prefer to play with others ( societal drama ) much of the clip. Play is an built-in portion of larning. Piaget defined drama as a sort of scientific dry run ( Penn, 2008 ; p.43 ) . While Bitton ( 2010 ) stated that drama offers a meaningful context for kids and that it is merely when a state of affairs has significance and intent ED3000 0749364 that kids can work at a higher degree ( p.49 ) . Children s emotions are ways in which they react to state of affairss while societal development refers to how they get entirely with equals and organize relationships ( Ashiabi, 2007 ) . Furthermore, emotional and societal developments are linked because kids s societal interactions are normally emotionally charged ( Ibid, 2007 ) . To clearly research the function of out-of-door drama on societal, emotional and physical development. Strickland et Al ( 2003 ) asserts that out-of-door drama is critical to the societal development of 3-4 twelvemonth old kids, and to misss in peculiar when it comes to constructing self assurance ( p.2 ) . In add-on, kids learn to be more empathy and less egoistic through drama and they develop more accomplishments for get bying with struggle while male childs tend to prosecute in more societal dramatic outdoor drama than indoors ; outdoor play allows male childs who are more physical to presume leading functions ( Srickland, 2002 ) and possibly acquire more positive avowal than they do indoors. White ( 2007 ) confirmed that when given the pick, the out-of-doorss is where most kids want to be and playing out-of-doorss is preferred to indoors. In support of this statement, Eustice A ; Heald ( 1992 ) argued that out-of-door drama is an extension of schoolroom activities which summari ses the beliefs of early twelvemonth direction that kids learn best by researching, look intoing and work outing jobs out-of-doorss ( p.7 ) . While Alfano ( 2010 ) asserts that playing out-of-doorss is a signifier of exercising that promotes well-being and wholesome physical developments ; and that kids are of course drawn to active drama out-of-doorss. One of the obvious benefits of acquiring childs outside to play is the increased exercising they will be acquiring as opposed to puting in forepart of the T.V. or computing machine. Most early old ages bookmans have besides assert that when kids play out-of-doorss they are developing mentally, emotionally, socially, and physically. This position is supported by Johnson et Al ( 2002 ) that kids gain tonss of chances outside to develop basic societal accomplishments and societal competences e.g. running, leaping cycling, fell and seek, sing ; detection, make noise, do muss, crawl, and research the natural universe unchallenged. While Brice ( 2004 ) viewed that through drama, kids develop inaugural and are strengthened to face challenges in life ( p.134 ) . More so, playing out-of-doorss reduces emphasis in childs. Children express and work out emotional facets of mundane experiences through unstructured drama ( Levesque. 2011 ) . Whilst Strickland ( 2002 ) argued that there are besides chances for emotional development as kids test their bound and challenge themselves to seek things that may be merely at the border of their range ED3000 0749364 Furthermore, most theoreticians found that make-believe drama out-of-doorss was the most dominant signifier of drama ( Bulton, 2002 ) . Possibly that s why theoreticians such as Piaget and Vygotsky assert that pretend drama provides kids with chances to pattern grown up and perspective speaking ( Ashiabi, 2007 ; p.2002 ) . Besides, in make-believe drama a kid is ever above his mean age ( Penn, 2008 ; p.44 ) and above their day-to-day behavior. In add-on, Wyver A ; Little ( 2008 ) asserts that drama besides facilitates linguistic communication development, originative thought and problem-solving ; and helps kids trade with complex and viing emotions. In position of the above statement, parents should let their kids play with other kids because it helps in the emotional and societal development. Although societal and emotional benefits of out-of-door drama may non be in clear cut, one benefit from research is that it allows childs to travel freely, make noise and self-express themselves in ways that many non be promoting inside. Outside drama encourages logical thought and the ability to ground through extremely synergistic activities such as constructing sand-castles, playing games with friends, playing mystifiers with friends etc. Time spent outdoors with equals helps to make societal accomplishments that are needed for great healthy friendly relationship ( Brouillette, 2010 ) . While Froebal cited by Bruce ( 2004 ) stated that drama is the highest degree of acquisition .activities of the kid ( p.132 ) . While Siraj-Blatchford et Al ( 2002 ) cited by Bruce ( 2004 ) shows that the richest drama is found particula rly in nursery schools. Harmonizing to Little A ; Wyver ( 2008 ) the significance of out-of-door drama as an indispensable portion of every kid s life has besides been acknowledged by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 31 supports a kid s right to rest and leisure, and to take part in drama and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the kid. There are other grounds why playing outdoor is of import for kids, harmonizing to Stewart ( 2010 ) when kids play outdoors, they are more likely to keep a healthy weight because they get the opportunity to fire off excess Calories by running, jumping, mounting, siting motorcycles, shouting etc. which can besides take to better slumber. Besides, the above exercising aid kids to develop little and big musculuss, strengthened castanetss, additions flexibleness, all right and gross motor accomplishments and improves their overall wellness ( Ibid, 2010 ) . In add-on, out-of-door drama is of import in early childhood because it helps in the physical development of the kid as ED3000 0749364 fleshiness is a common job among kids today ( Pillar, 2010 ) . Therefore, prosecuting in out-of-door drama helps in forestalling childhood fleshiness. More so, Vitamin D is indispensable for the tegument and can merely be derived by playing out-of-doorss as it is impossible to acquire an equal sum from nutrient and vitamins entirely. Geting childs outdoor increases the exposure to sun and their natural production of Vitamin D. In contrary to the above advantages of out-of-door drama, White ( 2007 ) argued that today it seems that the motive for kids s outdoor drama has declined because planetary society is really busy in its daily activities and over protected parents. Furthermore, many school age kids have excessively much prep after school, hence holding less clip for out-of-door drama. Whilst those without prep are excessively busy/lazy watching T.V, playing computing machine games, or pre-occupied chatting with friends online. Lastly, some parents are excessively busy with work and other activities ( watching T.V, Football, cooking ) to see to their kids s adequate outdoor drama. Some parents are so paranoid that every adult male outside the street with large glasses/spectacles is a deviant or pedophile waiting to assail or kidnap their kids as they play outdoors. Furthermore, societal and environmental factors have greatly impacted on kids s chances for out-of-doorss play. Little A ; Wyver ( 2008 ) asserts that where one time kids may hold spent clip playing in the street siting bike, playing trailing games, and conceal amp ; seek etc, increased traffic has made these countries and play chances off-limits for kids as the alterations are far excessively great. Childs are now confined to classroom, backyards or local Parkss for comparatively safe topographic points to play. Besides, Ibid ( 2008 ) stated that addition demand for lodging in many countries, peculiarly urban countries, is gnawing kids s drama land. Last, harmonizing to Johnson et Al ( 2005 ) supplying for out-of-door drama demands for kids is a complex and disputing undertaking. A assortment of factors must be considered, including the assorted drama demands of immature kids, supervising, safety etc. while many pedagogues, politicians, and parents believe out-of-door drama takes clip off from academic activities ; as a consequence, deferral and physical instruction in many schools is limited or wholly eradicated ( Sutterby A ; Frost, 2002 cited by Johnson et Al, 2005 ) . Word Counts: 1,613

Free Essays on Ferris Bueler And Todays Adolescent

The movie Ferris Bueller’s Day Off deals with a 17 year old and his friends skipping school for a day and trying not to get caught. In this paper I plan to explain how the movie reflects real life teenagers by showing some of the problem they may face. I will also emphasize on the free spirit of teens and also their tendency to rebel. I will explain how the film deals with the subject of childhood. I will also note the reflection it makes on our society and the basic assumptions it makes about teenagers. I have chosen the film Ferris Bueller’s Day Off because it deals with childhood at the last possible stage, and that is the stage that I remember most†¦ high school! Overall this film gives a pretty accurate depiction of a typical teen, although at times it was a little exaggerated. The movie is about a high school senior, Ferris Bueller, who decides to skip school and head into the city for the day. If he gets caught he will not be able to graduate and he has brought his best friend Cameron and his girlfriend Sloane along for the ride. Overall the film shows what kind of fun and trouble a high school student is capable of getting into. This movie shows a pretty accurate description of what an American teen goes through on any typical day. First of all it shows the free spirit that many teenagers have. Ferris and his friends are free spirited and just going out to have fun. They are ditching school for the day and that is an example of a teenager’s tendency to rebel against authority. The bad guy in this movie is Principle Roony. It is fitting that the number one enemy of a student skipping school is his principle. This movie does a good job at pointing out a teenager’s tendency to rebel and strive for personal freedom. This movie also shows many things that a child will go through as they get ready to enter adulthood. These things are dealing with friendships, love, parents, future decisions and so on. I will now give so... Free Essays on Ferris Bueler And Todays Adolescent Free Essays on Ferris Bueler And Todays Adolescent The movie Ferris Bueller’s Day Off deals with a 17 year old and his friends skipping school for a day and trying not to get caught. In this paper I plan to explain how the movie reflects real life teenagers by showing some of the problem they may face. I will also emphasize on the free spirit of teens and also their tendency to rebel. I will explain how the film deals with the subject of childhood. I will also note the reflection it makes on our society and the basic assumptions it makes about teenagers. I have chosen the film Ferris Bueller’s Day Off because it deals with childhood at the last possible stage, and that is the stage that I remember most†¦ high school! Overall this film gives a pretty accurate depiction of a typical teen, although at times it was a little exaggerated. The movie is about a high school senior, Ferris Bueller, who decides to skip school and head into the city for the day. If he gets caught he will not be able to graduate and he has brought his best friend Cameron and his girlfriend Sloane along for the ride. Overall the film shows what kind of fun and trouble a high school student is capable of getting into. This movie shows a pretty accurate description of what an American teen goes through on any typical day. First of all it shows the free spirit that many teenagers have. Ferris and his friends are free spirited and just going out to have fun. They are ditching school for the day and that is an example of a teenager’s tendency to rebel against authority. The bad guy in this movie is Principle Roony. It is fitting that the number one enemy of a student skipping school is his principle. This movie does a good job at pointing out a teenager’s tendency to rebel and strive for personal freedom. This movie also shows many things that a child will go through as they get ready to enter adulthood. These things are dealing with friendships, love, parents, future decisions and so on. I will now give so...

Exports are good for the U.S. economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exports are good for the U.S. economy - Essay Example In 2010, exports employed approximately 10 million people. It is clear that export is a source of employment. Creation of employment reduces the dependency ratio. Most people get employed thus able to earn a living. To the government, the money that would have been used to feed the unemployed population is reduced and utilized in other sectors such as health care. It ensures a good health of workers (Brux, 298). Secondly, in the US, firms that export their products are motivated to improve the quality of their products by high-income levels. The companies expand and employ more workers. When these companies are motivated to produce more, the US government earns more in terms of taxes. The amount earned indirectly from the exports contributes to the government’s growth domestic product. The money will in turn boost the government’s economy (Palmer). According to the US statistics, jobs that are export-intensive pay well. Huge salaries have enabled individuals to live an extravagant life. On similar lines, the US government benefits from these huge taxes from these huge salaries. It is clear that the higher the individual’s income, the higher the amount of tax levied. The huge taxes collected contribute to the government revenue thus used in the development (McEachern, 523). The fact that the US is known to export quality goods and services, many people believe that it is due to high skilled labor force and nearness to the raw materials. For this reason, it has called for direct investors who propose on setting up firms in the US. The firms create employment for the jobless but skilled individuals. More so, it results in the development of infrastructure such as road. In addition, the government maximizes its revenue by taxing these foreign direct investors (Turco and Maggioni 4). In summary, all countries should appreciate the exporting processes. More so they should ensure that exports exceed imports for the country’s economy to

Video Observation and Reflection Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Would there be Apple without Jobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Would there be Apple without Jobs - Essay Example has grown by leaps and bounds. Steve Jobs’ death earlier this year has raised apprehensions about the future of Apple Inc. Research Problem With the absence of man who has been termed as the single biggest factor in the success of Apple Inc, questions arise whether Tim Cook, the new CEO, will be able to lead the company and retain its dominant position. The other big doubt that emerges is whether Apple Inc. will continue to roll out innovative products as it did during Steve Jobs’ regimen. Research Design The study has used exploratory research to identify the apprehensions raised due to Steve Jobs’ death. Descriptive research has also been used in the study to gauge the likelihood of customers purchasing the Apple brand again. Research Methodology Both primary and secondary research has been used in the study. For primary research a self administered questionnaire was got filled from 100 respondents inside Apple Stores. Findings of the Study Steve Jobs had depar ted from the Apple on earlier ocassions also. Steve Jobs had certain bad qualities and thus was not the perfect manager. Steve Jobs had resigned in August 2011 and Tim Cook, as a part of Apple’s succession plan, has been the CEO since then. ... Apple Computer started manufacturing and selling computers with the launch of Apple II personal computer in 1977. In 1980, the company issued shares to the general public and was incorporated as a public company (By 1987). A year later, in 1981, IBM released its PC and Apple had its first real competitor. In 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple due to his non-compatibility with the then CEO John Sculley. Apple continued to dominate the desktop publishing market for many years after Steve Jobs departure. Under the stewardship of Sculley, Apple grew to an $8 billion company. By 1992, the company started feeling the heat of the competition and its earnings as well as margins started falling. Under pressure to introduce another breakthrough product, Sculley invested a lot of resources on Newton, Apple’s Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Newton did not live up to the expectation and its sales did not really take off. Scully resigned in 1993 and Michael Spindler took charge as CEO. The latte r too did not last long as Apple incurred significant quarterly losses in 1996. The board appointed Dr Gil Amelio to replace Splinder. The move did not work well. Eventually Apple decided to purchase NeXT Computer, the company that Steve Jobs had formed after his departure from Apple Computers. The purchase of NeXT marked the return of Steve Jobs at Apple Computers and the beginning of a new era. What happened after Job’s homecoming is what the world admires and looks at with awe. Today Apple has become a 32 billion dollar company primarily due to the efforts and expertise of its co-founder, Steve Jobs (Finkle 2010). The iconic Steve Jobs passed away in October 2011. He was 56 and one of the greatest innovator, technical genius and marketing wizard of his time (Streuli

The First Day Essay Example for Free

The First Day Essay The set-up for the beginning of the story describes the narrator’s social status. It appears that when the narrator was young, she came from a low income family, her mother states: â€Å"You gonna go there and learn about the whole world† (Jones 29). The mother says these words as if she was aiming for her child to achieve a great goal, the narrator says: â€Å"For as many Sundays as I can remember, perhaps even Sundays when I was in her womb, my mother has pointed across I street to Seaton†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jones 29). This indicates that it was her mother’s dream to initiate her daughter’s studies in what she believed was the best school. A parent of higher income would not dream to send his or her child to a high class school; the parent would just do it. Also, the narrator gives an in-depth description of the preparation that she endures as her mother attempts to perfect her appearance, wanting to make the impression that her daughter belongs at school, and does not deserve a life in poverty. Furthermore, the narrator gives another hint of her past social status when she says: â€Å"I am learning this about my mother: The higher up on the scale of respectability a person is-and teachers are rather high up in her eyes- the less she is liable to let them push her around† (Jones 29). If the narrator’s mother considers teachers to Pg. 2 be of a higher social status, then, this would mean that the narrator’s mother either did not have an education or did not complete her studies, which is relatively common among people of extreme poverty. The story continues, and it shows her mother’s determination in giving her child a better future. This is observed when the narrator’s mother doesn’t give up after she was told that because of the location where she lived she couldn’t get her child to attend Seaton Elementary School, which was the school she always wanted her child to go to. The narrator’s mother doesn’t give up and tells her daughter, â€Å"One monkey don’t stop no show† (Jones 29), showing her intensions to continue on looking for a place where her daughter can be educated. Eventually the narrator’s mother does find a school which would take her daughter, but the encouraging attitude is quickly veiled when during her admission to the new school, the narrator finds out that her mother cannot read and write. The narrator learns that this is not normal, even though she is very young, she could identify that her mother doesn’t have the ability to read or write like the rest of people. This was the beginning when the narrator, even though young, begins to understand that there was going to be a change in her life. Her mother lets her know this by cutting short a game they always use to play, she makes her understand that this was a significant situation, and even though she didnt quite understand, things were going to be different from that point forward. Based on the aforementioned passages, which serve as supporting evidence, and the puzzle I would intent to explain next, I believe is very clear that the narrator’s shame of her mother began on her first day of school. I built this argument because according to the story this particular day was the beginning of a change in the narrator’s life; she stated: â€Å"On an otherwise unremarkable September morning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jones 27), she clearly points that this was a â€Å"remarkable â€Å"day in her life, a day she cannot Pg. 3 forget. Through the book scenarios, we learned that by being able to go to school, the narrator is probably on a much higher social level than her mother ever was, and by having an education the narrator was able to grow out of poverty and despites the fact that she was ever poor. In addition, the fact that her mother was not able to read shamed her to the core, and her humiliation did began her first day of school, when she realized that she was poor and her mother was an uneducated woman; that is what the narrator was ashamed of. Thickening the plot, the story also suggests that because that her mother was no â€Å"push† over among people of higher class, it could have created several arguments as the narrator grew intellectually and socially. Perhaps, being â€Å"now† and educated woman, she rather admit to be ashamed of her mother because she had extreme arguments with her, and would blame her mother’s ignorance to her new world and social life, but the narrator would not accept that it was because her mother couldn’t read; after all, this would be too awful since deep inside she knew that it was her mother who made her into the accomplished person she is. But the shame on her mother did in-fact started when she became aware that her mother was illiterate. It is sad that a child would be ashamed of her own mother, especially after she made every effort to see her child succeed. Being an immigrant from another country, I knew the sacrifices my mother had to endure in order to provide me with a better future, but in-turn I continued my mother’s dreams through my successes in life and pride all her sacrifices. The narrator never realized that she inherited the feel of superiority and arrogance from her mother: As the narrator’s mother left the school, her footsteps signified strength, diligence, determination, and the endurance she was passing on to her daughter. The mother understood that this was going to be the start of a new life for her daughter in order to make sure that she would never be like her, but she was indeed. Pg. 4 Citations * Jones, E. P. (1992). Lost in the city, the first day.

Coca Cola Globalisation Methods And Plans Business Essay

Coca Cola Globalisation Methods And Plans Business Essay This part of the research report would provide a detailed account of Coca-Colas globalisation methods and plans using the business techniques explained in part 2 which are the SWOT analysis and Ohmaes five Cs. It would include a description of results of Coca-Colas globalisation plans and methods with any limitation. Besides that, market results of Coca-Cola expansion with the use of tables and flowcharts. There would be a critical analysis of the results of the globalisation effect of Coca-Cola. Lastly, conclusions would be drawn based on overall research findings while overseeing how well projected objectives and research questions are met and appropriate recommendations. 3.1 Globalisation According to the Levin Institute, Globalisation is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different nations, driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has major effect on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being and societies around the world. (Levin Institute, n.d) Its effects influences people as businesses tend to move beyond their domestic and national markets to other markets around the globe, where different markets are interconnected. It is also seen as extending its reach to other parts of the world. 3.2 Why did Coca-Cola globalise? Using Kenichi Ohmaes 5Cs framework with reference to the BPP textbook, we can understand the reasons why Coca-Cola moved towards international markets for expansion. Customer The Coca-Cola Company wanted everyone around the world to enjoy its product. It was the owners vision for its product to be enjoyed worldwide. The companys success was also ensured since it enjoyed homogenous customers where people around the world enjoyed the same taste. This partnered with major advertising campaigns made Coca-Cola one of the most famous brand name in the world. With the help of creative advertising, Coca-Cola was able to capture the loyalty of consumers to continue use of its products. Advertising is seen as a medium for the company to communicate and promote its products to its customers which is widely used by The Coca-Cola Company. According to Figure 1, there is clear indication of gradual increase of unit case sales over the 4 year period. Table 1 show that the increase of unit cases sold over the 4 years compared to the previous year has dropped slightly in 2009 with only 2.95% whereas the highest increase was in 2007 with a 6.07% increase from 2006. The Coca-Cola Company has also introduced new products to existing markets in order to suit to a particular country taste bud. In 2009, research testing of a new fountain dispenser called the Coca-Cola Freestyle is able to dispense more than 100 different brands of beverages which is currently being placed in selected US markets and would continue to be placed worldwide. The purpose of the new dispenser is to capture data of what kind of taste people have in preference, this allows the company to gather data on statistics of peoples choice in order to develop and introduce a new product into the market. (The Coca-Cola Company) Company The Coca-Cola Company enjoys large economies of scale by moving into international markets. Large scale bottling in the long run makes the company more competitive by improving their production methods in order to achieve the lowest cost possible. They also look into potential international markets for growth and investment opportunities. After local market needs are fulfilled, the company would want to enter into new markets in order to increase its sales and profits. It would also increase the companys customer base since there is a new supply of demand to be met. Listed below in Figure 2 and Table 2 is the net operating revenue, operating income and net income for the Coca-Cola Company over 4 years. Net operating revenue, operating income and net income ($ millions) $ (millions)Figure 2: Net operating revenue, operating income and net income of The Coca-Cola Company over a 4 year period According to Figure 2, the companys net operating revenue is seen to be increasing gradually over the 4 year period while dropping only slightly in 2009 although there was a major recession. Net income also has been increasing over the 4 year period to a record high of $ 6.8 billion in 2009. This could be due to better cost management. Further analysis on Table 3 indicates that the companys cost is also kept at a constant level of around 33% to 36% of total net operating revenue in order to maintain a high gross profit margin of 63% to 66%. This is to ensure that the company is always profitable to attract move investors. According to the recent capital expenditures made by The Coca-Cola Company, the company is still seen expanding its operations worldwide with increased capital expenditure made over the 4 years. This can be found in Table 4 below which show the capital expenditures made by the company from 2006 to 2009. Competition The Coca-Cola Company competes in the non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry. The beverage industry is highly competitive, as there are many different types of drinks in the market ranging from non-alcoholic to alcoholic products. There are many companies that are similar to The Coca-Cola Company, some of which tends to compete for share of market across the world. The company particularly globalised due to the fact that they wanted to gain access into new and bigger markets since their domestic market needs are already fulfilled. Another reason would be due to strong competition from The Pepsi-Cola Company as they are the companys biggest rivals. According to the Coca-Cola Company, there are numerous competitive factors that could impact the business which include pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs, product innovation, increased efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging, new vending and dispensing equipment, bran d and trademark development and protection. (The Coca-Cola Company) Below Figure 3 and Table 5 indicates the top 10 beverage companies ranked accordingly by market share. According to Figure 3, The Coca-Cola Company still leads in market share of 41.9% ahead of PepsiCo of 29.9%. This is a good sign for the company as PepsiCo is the companys biggest competitor. The company should remain focus on defending its market share and stay the market leader. According to the data in Table 5, market share for The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo have negative share change in 2009 while the others have a slight improvement or no improvement. This should not be taken lightly by the company as the competitors might team up and take on the company. Currency Coca-Cola also went international so that they can mitigate their foreign currency exchange rates by earning revenue in a different currency through sales in a particular country. Selling products and services in multiple countries also reduces the companys exposure to possible economic and political instability in a single country. In 2009, The Coca-Cola Company traded in 71 different functional currencies in addition to the U.S Dollar. A total of 74 percent net operating revenue was derived from outside the United States. Therefore, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will have a major effect on the items that are denominated in foreign currencies. Listed below in Figure 4 are foreign exchange rate gains or losses from 2006 to 2009. Country The Coca-Cola Company would want gain access to cheaper labour, raw materials and finance. Such as the cost of labour hour in China is only $1.27 per hour (Malone, 2008) which is ranked fairly low compared to other developed countries. This would minimize the cost of bottling and result in higher revenue gained. Bottling plants in China as of end of October 2009 total at 39 plants and is still increasing at a high rate. (The Coca-Cola Company) Furthermore, resources that are difficult to obtain in their home market can be located elsewhere at a better price while going international. This can be achieved by outsourcing some of their operation to other countries in order to improve efficiency since service providers are specialised in its services rendered. Outsourcing is widely used by todays company, as it allows the company to focus on its core activities where non-core activities are outsourced to specialist industries. This can lead to a saving in fixed cost as there is no need t o hire monthly salaried staff. As per Figure 5, we can see that average salary earned in the United States of America (USA) is much higher than the salary earned in China which is more than a 150 percent difference. This is mainly because China is still a developing market while USA is a developed market. This enables the company to fetch a lower cost for labour in China than in USA. 3.3 How did Coca-Cola globalise There are different entry modes a company can choose on how to enter a market. The Coca-Cola Company uses different stages of entry modes depending on the markets. It mainly depends on the total size or market population, the percentage of that population using their products, and the quantity of products that they can sell to non-users. Once the market is identified and selected, they would first consider the degree of resource commitment and the extent of the firm operational involvement in that particular region. As their bottling strategy, the company would first help their bottlers to build up their business. This is by injecting funds into the said bottlers through equity investments. This is beneficial for both the company and its bottler as in increase in production capacity at bottler level would have a resulting increase in concentrate sales. The level of investment depends on the bottlers capital structure and resources at the time of investment. (The Coca-Cola Company) According to the company, it maintains business relationship with three types of bottlers which are: Bottlers in which the company has no ownership interest; Bottlers in which the company has invested and has a non-controlling ownership interest; and Bottlers in which the company has invested and has a controlling ownership interest. Bottling operations in which the company has as of 31st December 2009: According to the company, controlling interest is only often held for a temporary basis. By owning such interest, it helps by being able to exert influence in monitoring bottlers revenue. It also develops the bottlers business where funds are used to build the capital structure of the bottle which would enable them to widen its operations. As part of their long term strategy, the company would consider reducing their ownership interest in the bottler when their investment matures. The company then comes down to two options, one is to combine their bottling interest with others to form strategic alliances, or the other is to sell their interest to equity method investee bottlers. However, the company will still continue to monitor the bottlers results. For investments that are non-controlling interest, the company would provide its expertise and resources to strengthen those businesses. China The stages of entry are explained in detailed below using China as an example by referring to Moks journal review. (Mok et al. , 2002) During the first stage (1974-84), Coca-Cola exported and sold its concentrate to its franchised Chinese-owned bottlers. Local market agents were held fully responsible for production and distribution whereas the company were in charge of advertising. Due to the bottlers opportunistic behaviour which first prioritise their own bottom line, it limited the expansion of Coca-Colas market share in early stages. The method used is seen as exporting through contractual agreements as trust of the bottlers has yet to be gained. During the second stage (1985-92), Coca-Cola bought equity shares in the bottling businesses in order to reduce the effect of uncertainty. Besides that, it was also to restrict the opportunistic behaviours of its local bottlers since their only focus was on their own bottom-line which were disadvantageous to Coca-Cola. This is known as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the said bottlers which may include acquisitions of well established companies in the later stage. During the third stage (1993-present), Coca-Cola teamed up with two foreign bottlers which are the Kerry and Swire group under a franchise agreement. The company then began to internalise its management and operations by sourcing locally. Soon then, the whole operation was handed to locals and watched over by the foreign division manager. Sourcing for upstream suppliers is decentralised to the division manager since buying locally would have savings on taxes. Contracting in local language would be made easier as a result of the localisation. India Coca-Cola was the leading bola business in India before 1977. However, a change of government forced them to pull out their business since new legislations required the sharing of the secret formula with a local partner which posed a huge risk. The Coca-Cola only re-entered the market in 1993, after Indian regulations were changed to allow foreign brands to operate without any Indian partnership. By then, PepsiCo had already captured majority share and ruled without competition as they were there since 1988. (Srivastava, 2010) To make things worse, Coca-Cola suffered a huge blow to their brand name in India as their plants had huge demands for water, which led thousands of farmers out of work by draining the water that feeds their crops which had implications on the local economy. Besides that, the waste sludge produced by their plants sold as fertilizer was proven to be toxic to the soil. (Brown, 2003). PepsiCos market in India has been strong since then, as it has become the default name for colas in India. However, the company has not given up on the Indian market as growth is picking up slowly. Their strategy includes introducing other products in their portfolio to the market and buying up a local brand cola competitor Thums Up, to compete against PepsiCo. Thums Up is now ranked first in India with a market share of 16.16% as of 2009, Sprite also a product of Coca-Cola is ranked second with 15.6% compared to Pepsis market share of just 13% according to AC Nielsen data. (Bhushan, 2009) The Coca-Cola Companys mode of entry often changes according to suit the particular country. Internationalisation is seen as a sequential process whereby firms gradually increase their commitment to new markets and accumulate knowledge slowly in order to increase their capabilities. It suggests that firms initially use entry modes that allow them to maximise knowledge acquisition whilst minimizing the risk of their assets. 3.4 Effects of globalisation The effects as a result of The Coca-Cola Companys globalisation have had a huge impact on the world. By using the SWOT analysis, the effects of globalisation of The Coca-Cola Company can be separated into positive and negative effects. Positive effects consist of strengths and opportunities, whereas negative effects are the companys weaknesses and threats. 3.4.1 Positive effects Strengths Competition to improve quality Globalisation has led to increased competition for the non-alcoholic beverage market for the company. Hence, there is an overall competition to improve the quality of their products for them to compete for market share. In order to survive, the company must be able to cope with the rising standards of their customers. The company must be able to compete at low prices and continuously improve their bottling processes. Keen competition forces companies to accelerate their product innovation and advertising campaigns which can be seen as strength for the industry. Innovation The economic environment is changing rapidly as a result of globalisation. The future development of the world is shaped as a result of globalisation. Benefits to society are often shared among people for the greater good. With the invention of seatbelts by Volvo shared, it increased the survival rate of car accidents. (Bellis, n.d) An example would be the bottling plants built by The Coca-Cola Company uses mechanics that are advanced automated robotics which introduces countries to a more effective and efficient way of bottling which could then be improved further to suit local needs. By improving their production line around the world, it would strengthen the companys presence. The company will be able share their technical know-how around their bottling plants based on experience in different countries. Such as improvements made in one country can be shared with other bottling plants owned by the company around the world. The first bottling plant that follows Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards was opened in 2009 in Latin America. (The Coca-Cola Company) Popularity and recognition As a result of mass expanding and advertising programs, the company was able to enter into countries worldwide which eventually made their brand name one of the most well-known brands of today. Many companies have since followed by expanding into international waters while keeping focus on brand recognition would eventually come to known worldwide still can be seen in todays industry. Advertising campaigns are the strengths of The Coca-Cola Company as it can capture the loyalty of consumers with easily recognised advertisements. An example would be the commercial advertisement in 1971 where The Hillside Singers sang a song called Id like to teach the World to Sing in Perfect Harmony. (The Coca-Cola Company) In this commercial, people of all different cultures and races come together to sing about wanting world peace and infers that world peace can be achieved by buying someone a coke. Opportunities Job opportunities With the companys global expansion, it was able to provide job opportunities in over 200 different countries worldwide which would definitely build and enhance the economic development of ones country. The Coca-Cola Company itself currently has 92,800 employees worldwide as of 2009 (Hoovers, 2009) and much more if other related parties are added. This is seen as an opportunity for the company as it would be able to employ a diverse background of employees from all around the world. Cultural influence Cultures around the world have come together and created so many different societies across different cities around the globe which have grown and improved according to globalisation. Some old traditions are discarded while new ones are form from day to day. The same can be said of Coca-Cola, which has pop-up in countries across the world and change the way people have their meals. The brand is widely accepted by different nations due to homogenous markets. This is such a great opportunity for the company to make an impression and an indelible move as the different types of cultures around the world, where there is a similar or common culture, that is, Coca-Cola. (Kulkarni, n.d) Huge portfolio to pursue Since The Coca-Cola Company has over 200 brands in its portfolio, there are other many up and coming new brands for the company to pursue. This would ensure the companys survival in the late future if a brand succession plan is in place. An unknown product does not mean its a failure, just not yet discovered by people. Once discovered it will pave the road to success and therefore securing the companys future. One of the main company strategies is to buy out competition of rising brands that they think would do well in the distant future. 3.4.2 Negative effects Weaknesses Lack of popularity in other portfolio brands In addition, the other brands offered besides the main brand Coca-Cola lacks popularity. It is mostly unknown or rarely seen on shelves probably due to restricted distribution in a particular country as testing acceptance of the market. These brands are kept low profiled and no related link is made to the main brand in case the brand fails. This is seen as a weakness in the line of products Coca-Cola has to offer as advertising allowance is not fairly distributed to all their products. Health effects There are also certain health effects to be concerned with as a result of Coca-Colas globalisation. By referring to the book Liquid Candy written by Jacobson (Jacobson, 2005), he discusses the effects of consuming soda drinks that could lead to several health concerns. Below are adverse health effects viewed as a threat to the companys going concern if people boycott their products which would have adverse effect on the companys revenue and survival. Sugar is important source of carbohydrates for our body. However, soft drinks contain high amounts of sugar (Better Health Channel, n.d) where regular consumption could lead to overweight or obese problems. By being obese, it tends to increase the chances of having diabetes and many other types of diseases. Obesity could also lead to social and psychological problems such as starving oneself to reduce weight. Soft drinks often have links with lower calcium levels which could lead to the disease osteoporosis. Deep concern should be placed on children since calcium is needed in early stages for development of bones. Too much soft drinks could lead to poor bone materialisation in the future life of the children. Therefore, in order to safeguard ones future, parents should control the intake of soda drinks of their children. Soft drinks also have high levels of phosphoric acid which can be harmful to ones teeth. The acidity level in soft drinks can be compared to that of vinegar which can cause corrosion of the enamel. Most of the soft drinks contain caffeine for its energy boosting effects. Therefore consuming too much soft drink could lead to caffeine addiction. There are withdrawal symptoms such as nausea or headache if one is addicted. High intakes of caffeine can lead to insomnia and even irregular heartbeats. (Yakowicz, 2010) Threats Changing health consciousness With the companys globalisation, bad aspects of foreign cultures would tend to affect its way into local cultures. Such as the soft drinks craze that is spreading around the world. Although beneficial for the company where higher consumption leads to higher revenues, consuming too much will have adverse health effects on its consumers. The health consciousness of people are starting to change, as they are moving towards a healthier lifestyle in which avoidance on soda drinks may be a threat to the company future. Job insecurity Companies often seek to lower their cost in order to earn a higher profit margin. One of the methods is to outsource their non-core activities such the payroll function to service providers. This would ensure a lower cost with an acceptable level of quality in work done. As a result, it increases unemployment rate in developed nations. Developing countries like China and India dominate the outsourcing market because of their fairly low labour cost. There is a higher risk of retrenchment for employees in the developed countries as they can be replaced by their counterparts across the world in pursuit of low cost. Therefore, a threat exists where the company might lose its good employees to competitors if it shows the slightest signs of restructuring. Local industries taken over by foreign multinationals Foreign multinationals often take over local companies as a mode of entry into the particular country. It would deprive the upbringing of local industries as those who remained will have to face a tougher competition posed by the foreign multinational. This is one of the strategies used by The Coca-Cola Company as they are actively acquiring local bottling plants around the world. A threat would be present if the local governments start to restrict the company from further expansion in its country in order to safeguard their home grown companies. This would serve as an obstacle to the companys expansion plans into the said country. (Pillai, n.d) Waste and pollution Developing countries are often taken advantage of by foreign multinationals. Since developing nations need high levels of foreign investment to boost its economic development, the local governments would tend to overlook on the pollution caused as they cannot risk a withdrawal of funds from the country. The environmental laws and regulations of a developing nation are also in the process of setting up. Therefore, foreign multinational companies often take this advantage by setting up plants at an early stage. The Coca-Cola Company has taken advantage of this matter in India where their factories produced waste sludge and were sold as fertilizer which was proven toxic to crops. (Brown, 2003) As this poses a threat to the environment, the companys licenses can be revoked if not settled. Measures should be taken by the company to implement environmentally friendly plants for the future in deluding the toxic waste. 3.5 Conclusions The international expansion of The Coca-Cola Company can be seen worldwide. Its products have permeated into societies all over the world. The first project objective of this research project has been met, which evaluates the positive and negative effects of globalisation of Coca-Cola brand name where the SWOT analysis was used is outlined below in Figure 7. (S)trengths Popularity and recognition Competition to improve quality Innovation (W)eaknesses Lack of popularity in other portfolio brands Health effects (O)pportunities Huge portfolio to pursue Cultural influence Job opportunities (T)hreats Job insecurity Changing health consciousness Local industries taken over by foreign multinationals Waste and pollution The second project objective was to assess the job opportunities The Coca-Cola Company created jobs worldwide. As of 2009, the company has 92,800 employees employed worldwide. By providing jobs to developing countries such as China and India, it would greatly help the development of the said country. We can understand why The Coca-Cola Company moved towards globalised markets based on Ohmaes 5Cs as discussed previously. According to market research, The Coca-Cola Company has the largest non-alcoholic beverage market share worldwide with a market share 42.9% as of 2009 according to (Sicher, 2010) with 24.4 billion unit cases sold worldwide in 2009. (The Coca-Cola Company) Therefore, the third project objective was also met. 3.6 Recommendations The main recommendations for The Coca-Cola Company are to exploit their strengths and opportunities, while mitigating their weaknesses and threats. The main strength is its popularity of the brand Coca-Cola. The company can use the Coca-Cola name to support their other products if the product is accepted by consumers. A step further is to advertise the products side by side since its advertising campaigns are refreshing and easily recognised. This enables the company to capture a new type of customer loyalty. Popularity of a brand name mainly depends on the peoples word of mouth. This can either be positive or negative in different conditions. Other brands that the company offer lack popularity which is a weakness for the company. The company should not just focus on the main brand but also push potential brands to the public. The Coca-Cola Company should pursue other brands in their portfolio since Coca-Cola is already a world known product. This can be done with increased advertising for the less popular products which would lead to more brand recognition if the product is successful. If a product is unable to capture a market and operations are running at a loss, the product should be discontinued. Funds saved from closing the division can be used to improve other brands or to acquire new potential brands. A major threat to the company is the changing health consciousness of the people. The company has made efforts since then by introducing low sugar and caffeine-free products into their portfolio and must continue doing so. Besides that, there is strong competition from other rival brands such as PepsiCo. The main idea here is to steal market share from its rivals such as finding out what are the strong brands the rival have and to introduce a similar product that would serve as an alternative.